PENGARUH BERMAIN PERAN (PRETEND PLAY) PADA ANAK DENGAN GANGGUAN SPEKTRUM AUTIS TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN SOSIALISASI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32534/jjb.v8i1.1076Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan bermain pura-pura pada anak dengan gangguan spektrum autis (GSA) dengan kemampuan sosialisasi. Anak dengan GSA memiliki gejala utama seperti keterbatasan sosialisasi. Gejala tersebut dapat menyebabkan kesulitan dalam bermain. Bermain peran memberikan kesempatan pada anak untuk melakukan suatu kondisi yang terjadi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan sosialnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian korelasional. Jumlah sampel dari penelitian adalah 20 anak dengan GSA usia 3 – 7 tahun yang dilakukan tes dengan menggunakan ToM test, ChIPPA (Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment “pretend play condition”), dan CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale). Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan analisis regresi menggunakan SPSS versi 21.0. Penelitian ini menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan menjelaskan karakteristik demografi, ToM, dan bermain pura-pura dari partisipan. Koofisien korelasi pearson digunakan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara variabel ToM, tingkat keparahan autistik, dan bermain pura-pura. Hasil analisis regresi menegaskan bahwa ToM secara signifikan memprediksi bermain pura-pura, yakni jumlah substitusi objek (R2 = 0,158, p = 0,002) dan jumlah tindakan meniru (R2 = 0,175, p = 0,001). Dengan demikian, anak dengan GSA yang memiliki ToM yang baik biasanya mengembangkan kemampuan bermain pura-puranya secara baik. Akhirnya, peneliti menyimpulkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan sosial pada anak dengan GSA dengan mengikuti bermain peran (pretend play).
Kata Kunci :Pretend Play, Autis, Kemampuan Sosialisasi
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